Gainer P S, Webster D W, Champion H R
Washington Community Violence Prevention Program, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010.
Arch Surg. 1993 Mar;128(3):303-8. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420150059011.
In response to growing violence, primary prevention programs have been launched, but scientific rationale and credible evaluations have been lacking.
Fifth and seventh-grade students in three inner-city schools (n = 135) participated in a violence prevention program. Controls consisted of students from the same schools and grades during the following school year (n = 115). Students were taught social problem-solving skills and risk factors for violence. Multivariate analyses were performed on posttest measures while controlling for base-line differences.
Program participants were much less likely to define social problems in adversarial ways, were less likely to provide violent solutions in hypothetical conflict situations, listed more negative consequences to using violence, and were less inclined to legitimatize violence. Risk factor knowledge also was significantly increased. No increase was shown in the students' abilities to identify viable nonviolent solutions.
The program produced immediate influences on knowledge and some attitudes and social skills shown to be related to aggressive behavior.
为应对不断增加的暴力行为，已启动了一级预防项目，但一直缺乏科学依据和可靠的评估。
三所市中心学校的五年级和七年级学生（n = 135）参与了一项预防暴力项目。对照组由下一学年来自相同学校和年级的学生组成（n = 115）。向学生传授了社会问题解决技能和暴力风险因素。在控制基线差异的同时，对后测指标进行了多变量分析。
项目参与者以对抗方式界定社会问题的可能性要小得多，在假设的冲突情境中提供暴力解决方案的可能性较小，列出了更多使用暴力的负面后果，并且不太倾向于将暴力合法化。风险因素知识也显著增加。学生识别可行的非暴力解决方案的能力没有提高。
该项目对知识以及一些与攻击行为相关的态度和社交技能产生了即时影响。
