Aber J L, Brown J L, Chaudry N, Jones S M, Samples F
National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University, School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 1996 Sep-Oct;12(5 Suppl):82-90.
The Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) is a comprehensive, school-based program in conflict resolution and intercultural understanding implemented in more than 110 New York City public schools. The National Center for Children in Poverty is currently conducting an evaluation of the program in grades 1-6, although the program itself is implemented in grades K-12. The following components are included: teacher training, classroom instruction and staff development, the program curriculum, administrators' training, peer mediation, parent training, and a targeted intervention for high-risk youth. The program evolved out of practice-based theory. Researchers and practitioners have collaborated on and designed an evaluation that illustrates how the practice-based theory is consistent with and can be put into operation using developmental and ecological theories of the etiology of violence-related behaviors in middle childhood. The target population for this study is approximately 9,600 children, 5-12 years of age, in 15 elementary schools in New York City. The evaluation is being conducted over two years with two data-collection points in each year. A cross-sequential design is being used to examine the short- and intermediate-term utility with children at different ages/developmental stages. The relative effect of the beginning program can be compared to more comprehensive models. A total of 8,233 students responded to the baseline survey. The study population is largely Hispanic (41%) and African American (37%). Preliminary analyses indicate that baseline means of such constructs as aggressive fantasies, hostile attributional biases, and conduct problems increase with grade level. Ten years of practice-based experience and one year of a two-year quantitative evaluation have taught several important lessons about school-based program implementation and the evaluation of such programs. The scope and longevity of the RCCP and the empirically rigorous evaluation now under way will make a significant contribution to the field of violence prevention and field-based program evaluation.
创造性解决冲突项目（RCCP）是一项全面的、以学校为基础的冲突解决和跨文化理解项目，在纽约市110多所公立学校实施。贫困儿童国家中心目前正在对1至6年级的该项目进行评估，尽管该项目本身是在幼儿园至12年级实施的。其组成部分包括：教师培训、课堂教学与员工发展、项目课程、管理人员培训、同伴调解、家长培训以及针对高危青少年的定向干预。该项目源于基于实践的理论。研究人员和从业人员共同合作并设计了一项评估，以说明基于实践的理论如何与童年中期暴力相关行为病因的发展和生态理论相一致，并如何运用这些理论付诸实践。本研究的目标人群是纽约市15所小学中约9600名5至12岁的儿童。评估为期两年，每年有两个数据收集点。采用交叉序列设计来检验不同年龄/发展阶段儿童的短期和中期效用。可以将初始项目的相对效果与更全面的模式进行比较。共有8233名学生回应了基线调查。研究人群主要是西班牙裔（41%）和非裔美国人（37%）。初步分析表明，攻击性幻想、敌意归因偏差和行为问题等构念的基线均值随年级升高而增加。十年基于实践的经验以及为期两年的定量评估中的一年，让我们在以学校为基础的项目实施及此类项目评估方面得到了几个重要经验教训。RCCP的规模和持久性以及目前正在进行的严格实证评估将对暴力预防领域和基于实地的项目评估做出重大贡献。
