The Boston Teacher Questionnaire. 1. Definition of syndromes.

To obtain information about the academic function of 9-year-old children from their school teachers, we created a short, forced-choice questionnaire that asked about the child's knowledge and use of arithmetic tables, reading, spelling, persistence at tasks, flexibility of approach, ability to function independently, distractibility, daydreaming, impulsivity and overexcitability, hyperactivity, and ability to follow simple and sequential directions. Questionnaires were collected from the teachers of 3451 white children whose mothers had enrolled in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Six syndromes in girls and five in boys were identified by both cluster and factor analyses of these data. Common to both sexes were five syndromes we labeled arithmetic, tasks (ie, impersistent/dependent/inflexible), reading, attention, and hyperactive. A syndrome characterized by difficulty following directions was seen in girls only. The prevalence of these syndromes ranged from a low for hyperactivity of 2.3 per 100 girls to a high for the attention syndrome of 27.6 per 100 boys. The congruent results obtained with clustering and factor analysis, and the agreement between the observed prevalence of syndromes and prior expectations suggests that the Boston Teacher Questionnaire, as this instrument is called, identifies learning problems in 9-year-old children.