Tietze C
Fam Plann Perspect. 1977 Mar-Apr;9(2):74-6.
Recent data on mortality related to pregnancy and to use of various contraceptive methods show that up to age 30 the risk to life among noncontraceptors from pregnancy and childbirth is far in excess of that experienced by users of any method. After age 30, the mortality risk experienced by pill users who smoke rises dramatically, but among nonsmokers the risk remains relatively low--and is lower than the risk of death among noncontraceptors even after age 40. Safest at all ages is condom or diaphragm backed up by abortion.
近期有关妊娠及各种避孕方法使用相关死亡率的数据表明,在30岁之前,未采取避孕措施者因妊娠和分娩面临的生命风险远远超过任何避孕方法使用者所经历的风险。30岁之后,吸烟的口服避孕药使用者的死亡风险急剧上升,但在不吸烟的人群中,该风险仍然相对较低——甚至在40岁之后,这一风险也低于未采取避孕措施者的死亡风险。在所有年龄段,最安全的避孕方式是使用避孕套或子宫帽,并辅以人工流产。