Miller S B
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Psychosom Med. 1993 Jan-Feb;55(1):78-85. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199301000-00013.
This study examined whether the elevated cardiovascular response to stressful stimuli previously suggested for individuals who are defensive in their reporting of anger might be moderated by the demands of the stressor task. Forty male undergraduates were exposed to four tasks: shock avoidance video game, handgrip, film, and cold pressor. Employing cluster analysis, defensive/low anger subjects were identified by high scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale and low scores on the Spielberger Anger Expression and Trait Anger questionnaires. These individuals exhibited elevated heart rate and systolic blood pressure responses as compared with other subjects, but only to the shock avoidance task. Defensive/low anger subjects also reported less state anger to all tasks. It is proposed that an anger defensive style results in elevated cardiovascular activity only in interaction with stressors that elicit a sympathetic nervous system response and/or involve evaluation threat.
本研究探讨了先前针对在愤怒表达上具有防御性的个体所提出的对压力刺激的心血管反应增强是否会受到压力源任务要求的调节。40名男性本科生接受了四项任务：躲避电击视频游戏、握力测试、观看电影和冷加压测试。采用聚类分析，通过在马洛-克劳恩社会赞许性量表上的高分以及在斯皮尔伯格愤怒表达和特质愤怒问卷上的低分来确定防御性/低愤怒个体。与其他受试者相比，这些个体表现出心率和收缩压反应增强，但仅在躲避电击任务中如此。防御性/低愤怒个体在所有任务中报告的状态愤怒也较少。研究提出，愤怒防御风格仅在与引发交感神经系统反应和/或涉及评价威胁的压力源相互作用时才会导致心血管活动增强。
