Finkelstein D, Smith M K, Faden R
Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Mar;111(3):324-6. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1993.01090030042034.
Informed consent is based on a shared decision between physician and patient, with the physician understanding the relevant values of the patient and the patient understanding the nature of the disease and intervention, including risks and benefits. Informed consent has developed rapidly since it was introduced in the 1950s, reflecting recent changes in the practice of medicine that respect the increase of patient autonomy. The purpose of the written consent form is to document that a process of informed consent has taken place. It is generally agreed that all surgical as well as research procedures require written consent. For certain nonsurgical procedures, the decision regarding obtaining written consent will consider both the risk involved for the patient and the general community standard. Informed consent serves as an important symbol of a physician-patient relationship that adheres to the valued principles of medical ethics.
知情同意基于医生与患者之间的共同决策，医生了解患者的相关价值观，患者了解疾病的性质和干预措施，包括风险和益处。自20世纪50年代引入以来，知情同意发展迅速，反映了医学实践中近期尊重患者自主权增加的变化。书面同意书的目的是记录已发生知情同意过程。人们普遍认为，所有外科手术以及研究程序都需要书面同意。对于某些非手术程序，关于是否获取书面同意的决定将考虑患者所涉及的风险以及一般社区标准。知情同意是医患关系遵循医学伦理重要原则的一个重要象征。
