Rappoport L, Peters G R, Downey R, McCann T, Huff-Corzine L
Dept. of Psychology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
Appetite. 1993 Feb;20(1):33-52. doi: 10.1006/appe.1993.1004.
Results from three studies relevant to a model of food cognition based on the evaluative dimensions pleasure, health, and convenience are reported. In the first study, discriminant analyses of the evaluative ratings (n = 248) of 35 meals and snacks yielded significant gender and age differences on the pleasure and health dimensions. Separate factor analyses of the pleasure and health ratings revealed that males and females grouped foods differently on these criteria. The factor analysis of convenience ratings suggested that males and females perceive the meaning of convenience differently. In the second study, 336 college students rated 27 meals on the three evaluative dimensions and also indicated their preferences for each meal. Multiple regression analyses showed that preferences could be significantly predicted, and other results showed that as compared to males, females give higher health, pleasure and convenience ratings to healthy meals. The third study employed a modified free association technique to investigate gender and age differences in the meanings of nine familiar foods. Data from 96 males and females aged 18 to 86 revealed a substantial variety of significant age and gender differences for specific foods. It is suggested that taken together, these results indicate important cognitive and affective sources for gender and age-related food attitudes.
报告了三项与基于愉悦、健康和便利等评价维度的食物认知模型相关的研究结果。在第一项研究中，对35种餐食和零食的评价评分（n = 248）进行判别分析，结果显示在愉悦和健康维度上存在显著的性别和年龄差异。对愉悦和健康评分进行的单独因子分析表明，男性和女性在这些标准上对食物的分类不同。便利评分的因子分析表明，男性和女性对便利的含义有不同的认知。在第二项研究中，336名大学生对27种餐食在三个评价维度上进行评分，并表明他们对每种餐食的偏好。多元回归分析表明，偏好可以得到显著预测，其他结果表明，与男性相比，女性对健康餐食的健康、愉悦和便利评分更高。第三项研究采用改良的自由联想技术，调查9种常见食物含义中的性别和年龄差异。来自96名年龄在18至86岁之间的男性和女性的数据显示，特定食物存在大量显著的年龄和性别差异。研究表明，综合来看，这些结果表明了与性别和年龄相关的食物态度的重要认知和情感来源。
