Stjernqvist K, Svenningsen N W
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 1993 Jan;82(1):40-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12512.x.
In a long-term prospective control study, 20 extremely low-birth-weight infants with birth weights between 500 and 900 g (mean 755 +/- 109 g) and gestational ages between 24 and 30 weeks (mean 26.2 +/- 1.8 weeks) were compared with 20 full-term infants, after the first year of life for growth, development and continuing morbidity after discharge from the intensive care unit. The total rate of neurological abnormalities was 17%; the rate of infantile post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt operations was 8.7%, while 13% had retinopathy of prematurity with vision deficit, but none was blind. The hospital readmission rate was 70%, but for most infants only one or a few readmissions were needed whereas three infants with chronic lung disorders required frequent hospital readmissions, mainly for respiratory infections. Apart from 4 infants with major cerebral neonatal complications, 16 of 20 extremely low-birth-weight infants (80%) showed development within the normal range at one year of age, although with delay in some areas in comparison with full-term control infants. Follow-up into preschool and school age is in progress. We cautiously suggest that the results at the one year follow-up do indicate a possible favourable long-term outcome for many of these extremely low-birth-weight infants with normal cognitive development and with no major neurological sequelae.
在一项长期前瞻性对照研究中，将20名出生体重在500至900克（平均755±109克）之间、胎龄在24至30周（平均26.2±1.8周）的极低出生体重儿与20名足月儿进行比较，比较在重症监护病房出院后第一年的生长、发育及持续发病情况。神经异常的总发生率为17%；需要进行分流手术的婴儿期出血后脑积水发生率为8.7%，而13%患有伴有视力缺陷的早产儿视网膜病变，但无一人失明。住院再入院率为70%，但大多数婴儿仅需再次入院一两次，而三名患有慢性肺部疾病的婴儿需要频繁住院，主要是因为呼吸道感染。除了4名患有严重新生儿脑并发症的婴儿外，20名极低出生体重儿中有16名（80%）在一岁时发育在正常范围内，尽管与足月儿对照组相比，在某些方面有所延迟。目前正在对学龄前和学龄期进行随访。我们谨慎地认为，一年随访结果确实表明，许多这些认知发育正常且无重大神经后遗症的极低出生体重儿可能有良好的长期预后。
