Engineering of artificial cell-adhesive proteins by grafting EILDVPST sequence derived from fibronectin.

Fibronectin contains at least two distinct oligopeptide sequences serving as signals for the interaction with cell surface adhesion receptors termed integrins. One of these sequences, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) tetrapeptide, was shown to be transferred to a truncated form of Staphylococcal IgG-binding protein (hereafter referred to as tSPA) with retention of its cell-adhesive activity [Maeda, T. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15165-15168]. We have extended the observation to another cell-adhesive sequence, Glu-Ile-Leu-Asp-Val-Pro-Ser-Thr (referred to as "CS1" sequence), to demonstrate that: i) the tSPA grafted with the sequence mediated adhesion of human lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cells, mouse melanoma cells, but not of hamster fibroblasts; ii) antibodies against integrin alpha 4 and beta 1 subunits specifically inhibited cell adhesion mediated by the CS1-grafted tSPA; iii) a heterodivalent tSPA grafted with both RGDS and CS1 sequences at different sites was more potent in promoting cell adhesion than the monovalent tSPAs grafted with either sequence alone. These results indicate that not only the RGDS but also the CS1 sequence can be transferred to tSPA with retention of its cell-adhesive activity as well as its cell-type specificity, and that the grafted CS1 sequence is recognized by the same integrin isotype as the authentic sequence within intact fibronectin.