Schneider H, Trimmer B A, Rapus J, Eckert M, Valentine D E, Kravitz E A
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115.
J Comp Neurol. 1993 Mar 1;329(1):129-42. doi: 10.1002/cne.903290109.
It has been suggested that serotonin and octopamine serve important roles in behavioral regulation in lobsters. In this paper the locations of octopamine-immunoreactive neurons were mapped in wholemount preparations of the ventral nerve cord of 4th stage lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae. Approximately 86 neurons were found, distributed as follows: brain, 12; circumesophageal ganglia, 2; subesophageal ganglion, 38; thoracic ganglia, 6 each; and 4th and 5th abdominal ganglia, 2 each. All the octopamine-immunoreactive neurons are paired and located along the midline. Of the 86 neurons, 28 were identified as neurosecretory, and 26 as intersegmental ascending thoracic, ascending abdominal, or descending interneurons. The neurosecretory system is arranged segmentally and located entirely within the thoracic and subesophageal neuromeres with extensive terminal fields of endings along 2nd thoracic and subesophageal nerve roots. This set of neurons shares the features of central and peripheral endings with 2 pairs of large serotonin-containing neurosecretory neurons found in the fifth thoracic and first abdominal ganglia. The intersegmental neurons include: (1) two cells in the brain and 2 pairs of cells in the 3rd and 4th neuromeres of the subesophageal ganglion, which project to the 6th abdominal ganglion; (2) a segmentally organized group of ascending interneurons found in the subesophageal and in all thoracic ganglia; and (3) pairs of ascending interneurons found in the 4th and 5th ganglia in the abdominal nerve cord. By means of a biochemical assay, the cell bodies of octopamine-immunoreactive neurosecretory cells in the thoracic segment of the nerve cord were found to contain 40-100 fmol of octopamine, while control neurons had none.
有人提出，血清素和章鱼胺在龙虾的行为调节中发挥重要作用。在本文中，对第四阶段龙虾（美洲螯龙虾）幼虫腹神经索的整装标本中章鱼胺免疫反应性神经元的位置进行了定位。发现了大约86个神经元，分布如下：脑，12个；围食管神经节，2个；咽下神经节，38个；胸神经节，每个6个；第四和第五腹神经节，每个2个。所有章鱼胺免疫反应性神经元都是成对的，且位于中线两侧。在这86个神经元中，28个被鉴定为神经分泌细胞，26个被鉴定为节间性的胸段上行、腹段上行或下行中间神经元。神经分泌系统呈节段性排列，完全位于胸段和咽下神经节内，其终末场沿着第二胸神经根和咽下神经根广泛分布。这组神经元与在第五胸神经节和第一腹神经节中发现的2对含血清素的大型神经分泌神经元具有中枢和外周终末的特征。节间神经元包括：（1）脑中的2个细胞以及咽下神经节第三和第四神经节段中的2对细胞，它们投射到第六腹神经节；（2）在咽下神经节和所有胸神经节中发现的一组节段性排列的上行中间神经元；（3）在腹神经索第四和第五神经节中发现的成对的上行中间神经元。通过生化分析发现，神经索胸段中章鱼胺免疫反应性神经分泌细胞的细胞体含有40 - 100飞摩尔的章鱼胺，而对照神经元则没有。
