Passino A W, Whitman T L, Borkowski J G, Schellenbach C J, Maxwell S E, Keogh D, Rellinger E
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556.
Adolescence. 1993 Spring;28(109):97-122.
This study examined "naturally occurring differences" in personal adjustment (social competence, behavior problems, and problem-solving skills) among representative groups of pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents and pregnant adults. Differences in parenting stress and parenting style were also assessed among a subsample of adolescent and adult mothers. Finally, the relationship between prenatally assessed personal adjustment and parenting was evaluated in the adolescent mother group. The contributions of important demographic characteristics (socioeconomic status and race) to both between- and within-group relationships were examined. Results suggested that pregnant adolescents were less socially competent and less proficient in their problem solving than their nonpregnant peers and that they exhibited more behavioral problems than a pregnant adult comparison group. Adolescent mothers displayed higher levels of parenting stress and were less responsive and sensitive in interactions with their infants than adult mothers. Support for the hypothesized link between prenatally assessed personal adjustment and adolescent parenting stress was found, whereas no relationship between socioeconomic status and race and parenting stress was established. These results suggest that intervention with young mothers identified during pregnancy as having personal problems might forestall parenting problems that arise during early child rearing.
本研究调查了怀孕和未怀孕青少年及怀孕成年人代表性群体在个人适应能力（社交能力、行为问题和解决问题的技能）方面的“自然差异”。还对青少年和成年母亲的一个子样本的育儿压力和育儿方式差异进行了评估。最后，在青少年母亲群体中评估了产前评估的个人适应能力与育儿之间的关系。研究了重要人口统计学特征（社会经济地位和种族）对组间和组内关系的影响。结果表明，怀孕青少年的社交能力不如未怀孕同龄人，解决问题的能力也较差，且与怀孕成年对照组相比，他们表现出更多的行为问题。青少年母亲的育儿压力水平更高，与婴儿互动时反应更不积极、不够敏感。研究发现产前评估的个人适应能力与青少年育儿压力之间的假设联系得到了支持，而社会经济地位和种族与育儿压力之间未发现关联。这些结果表明，对孕期被认定有个人问题的年轻母亲进行干预，可能会预防早期育儿过程中出现的育儿问题。
