Bermejo I, Muthny F A
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Universität Münster.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1993 Mar-Apr;43(3-4):110-20.
255 staff persons in the inpatient care for elderly (mainly nursing home staff, nurses and assisting personal) were included in a multicenter questionnaire study. Main strain was reported as time pressure at work (59%), followed by organisational deficits (22%) and compassion with the suffering of some inhabitants. The analysis of influencing factors yielded only a few results, job- and occupation-related factors might increase the risk of getting "burned out" (especially qualification and responsibility taken), as well as younger age. Two risk groups with respect to "burnout" were identified by cluster analysis: a bigger group (47%) of younger staff, markedly strained, but also highly skilled and motivated ("burnout-endangered" group), and a smaller group (8%) with high strain and low job satisfaction ("burnout-group"). More than half confirmed that psychosocial staff training and supervision is important and necessary and should mainly deal with problems of team interaction and ways of emotional relieve. Training units of 90 minutes once a month was the mode mostly favoured. Main issues were aspects of interaction with problematic elderlies (especially with depressive or aggressive persons) as well as dealing with death and dying.
一项多中心问卷调查研究纳入了255名老年住院护理人员（主要是养老院工作人员、护士和辅助人员）。报告的主要压力源是工作时间紧张（59%），其次是组织缺陷（22%）以及对一些居民痛苦的同情。对影响因素的分析只得出了一些结果，与工作和职业相关的因素可能会增加“倦怠”风险（特别是资质和承担的责任），以及年龄较小。通过聚类分析确定了两个与“倦怠”相关的风险组：一个较大的组（47%）是年轻员工，压力明显较大，但技能和积极性也很高（“倦怠风险组”），另一个较小的组（8%）压力大且工作满意度低（“倦怠组”）。超过一半的人确认，心理社会员工培训和监督很重要且必要，并且应主要处理团队互动问题和情绪缓解方式。每月一次、每次90分钟的培训单元是最受欢迎的模式。主要问题是与有问题的老年人（特别是抑郁或攻击性强的人）互动的方面以及应对死亡和临终问题。
