Chan L
Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Houston, TX 77030.
Bioessays. 1993 Jan;15(1):33-41. doi: 10.1002/bies.950150106.
RNA editing is a newly described genetic phenomenon. It encompasses widely different molecular mechanisms and events. According to the specific RNA modification, RNA editing can be broadly classified into six major types. Type II RNA editing occurs in plants and mammals; it consists predominantly in cytidine to uridine conversions resulting from deamination/transamination or transglycosylation, although in plants other mechanisms have not been excluded. Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing is the only well-documented editing phenomenon in mammals. It is an intranuclear event that occurs posttranscriptionally, coincident with splicing and polyadenylation. Recent observations indicate that the tissue- and sequence-specific process is mediated by an enzyme that has separate domains for editing and sequence recognition. The presence of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing activity in tissues that do not produce the protein suggests that other RNAs may be edited and RNA editing may be a genetic phenomenon of general biological importance to the cell.
RNA编辑是一种新描述的遗传现象。它涵盖了广泛不同的分子机制和事件。根据特定的RNA修饰，RNA编辑可大致分为六大类型。II型RNA编辑发生在植物和哺乳动物中；它主要包括由脱氨/转氨或转糖基化导致的胞嘧啶向尿嘧啶的转化，不过在植物中其他机制也未被排除。载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑是哺乳动物中唯一有充分记录的编辑现象。它是一种发生在转录后、与剪接和聚腺苷酸化同时进行的核内事件。最近的观察表明，这种组织和序列特异性过程由一种具有用于编辑和序列识别的独立结构域的酶介导。在不产生该蛋白质的组织中存在载脂蛋白B mRNA编辑活性，这表明其他RNA可能也会被编辑，并且RNA编辑可能是一种对细胞具有普遍生物学重要性的遗传现象。
