直接暗示与间接暗示：概念与方法综述
Direct versus indirect suggestions: a conceptual and methodological review.
作者信息
Lynn S J, Neufeld V, Maré C
机构信息
Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens 45701.
出版信息
Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 1993 Apr;41(2):124-52. doi: 10.1080/00207149308414543.
The article reviews the literature on the effects of direct versus indirect hypnotic suggestions. A conceptual and methodological analysis of direct versus indirect suggestions is also provided. Three conclusions follow from the review: (a) Contrary to views of Ericksonian hypnotists, suggestion style has little effect on objective responding to hypnotic test items; (b) studies of clinical- and laboratory-induced pain and other measures of subjective experience have yielded contradictory results--however, the best controlled studies have not indicated that indirect suggestions are superior to direct suggestions; and (c) there is insufficient evidence to conclude that hypnotizability level and suggestion wording interact, such that low hypnotizable subjects are particularly responsive to indirect suggestions. Methodological and conceptual problems in defining and studying hypnotic communications, the lack of rigorous experimental controls, and research issues and directions are highlighted.
本文回顾了关于直接与间接催眠暗示效果的文献。还提供了对直接与间接暗示的概念和方法分析。该综述得出三个结论：(a) 与艾瑞克森派催眠师的观点相反，暗示风格对催眠测试项目的客观反应影响很小；(b) 对临床和实验室诱导疼痛以及其他主观体验测量的研究产生了相互矛盾的结果——然而，控制最严格的研究并未表明间接暗示优于直接暗示；(c) 没有足够的证据得出结论认为催眠易感性水平和暗示措辞相互作用，以至于低催眠易感性受试者对间接暗示特别敏感。文中强调了在定义和研究催眠交流方面的方法和概念问题、缺乏严格的实验控制以及研究问题和方向。
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