Rose J E, Behm F M, Levin E D
Nicotine Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Apr;44(4):891-900. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(93)90021-k.
We investigated the role of nicotine dose and sensory cues in the regulation of ad lib smoke intake. The smoking behavior of 12 adult male smokers was assessed in three conditions, presenting either high-nicotine cigarette smoke (high nicotine, high sensory), diluted cigarette smoke (low nicotine, low sensory), or an aerosol containing cigarette smoke constituents suspended in solution, which was low in nicotine, yet high in sensory impact. Subjects showed marked compensatory increases in smoking with the dilute smoke conditions, whereas they puffed and inhaled the aerosol to a similar extent as the high-nicotine cigarette. Thus, subjects regulated their smoking behavior to equate sensory intensity rather than nicotine intake. Moreover, the aerosol and high-nicotine cigarette conditions lowered craving to a greater degree than the dilute smoke condition. Other mood indices, such as arousal and negative affect, were more effectively relieved by the high-nicotine dose condition. These results highlight the importance of sensory cues in the regulation of smoke intake and modulation of craving and suggest the clinical application of techniques for providing relief of cigarette craving during smoking cessation.
我们研究了尼古丁剂量和感官线索在自由吸烟量调节中的作用。在三种条件下评估了12名成年男性吸烟者的吸烟行为，分别呈现高尼古丁香烟烟雾（高尼古丁、高感官刺激）、稀释后的香烟烟雾（低尼古丁、低感官刺激）或含有悬浮在溶液中的香烟烟雾成分的气雾剂，其尼古丁含量低，但感官影响高。在稀释烟雾条件下，受试者的吸烟量出现明显的代偿性增加，而他们对气雾剂的抽吸和吸入程度与高尼古丁香烟相似。因此，受试者调节他们的吸烟行为以平衡感官强度而非尼古丁摄入量。此外，气雾剂和高尼古丁香烟条件比稀释烟雾条件更能有效降低烟瘾。其他情绪指标，如觉醒和负面影响，在高尼古丁剂量条件下能得到更有效的缓解。这些结果突出了感官线索在吸烟量调节和烟瘾调节中的重要性，并提示了在戒烟过程中提供缓解烟瘾技术的临床应用。
