Frankenfeld F M
Sunquest Information Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ 85711-3610.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1993 Apr;50(4):707-11.
Previously identified and current trends in the development of computer systems and in the use of computers for health care applications are reviewed. Trends identified in a 1982 article were increasing miniaturization and archival ability, increasing software costs, increasing software independence, user empowerment through new software technologies, shorter computer-system life cycles, and more rapid development and support of pharmaceutical services. Most of these trends continue today. Current trends in hardware and software include the increasing use of reduced instruction-set computing, migration to the UNIX operating system, the development of large software libraries, microprocessor-based smart terminals that allow remote validation of data, speech synthesis and recognition, application generators, fourth-generation languages, computer-aided software engineering, object-oriented technologies, and artificial intelligence. Current trends specific to pharmacy and hospitals are the withdrawal of vendors of hospital information systems from the pharmacy market, improved linkage of information systems within hospitals, and increased regulation by government. The computer industry and its products continue to undergo dynamic change. Software development continues to lag behind hardware, and its high cost is offsetting the savings provided by hardware.
回顾了计算机系统发展以及计算机在医疗保健应用中的使用方面先前已确定的趋势和当前趋势。1982年一篇文章中确定的趋势包括日益小型化和存档能力、软件成本增加、软件独立性增强、通过新软件技术增强用户能力、计算机系统生命周期缩短以及制药服务的更快速开发和支持。这些趋势中的大多数如今仍在持续。硬件和软件方面的当前趋势包括精简指令集计算的使用增加、向UNIX操作系统迁移、大型软件库的开发、基于微处理器的智能终端（允许对数据进行远程验证）、语音合成与识别、应用程序生成器、第四代语言、计算机辅助软件工程、面向对象技术以及人工智能。制药和医院特有的当前趋势是医院信息系统供应商退出药房市场、医院内部信息系统的连接得到改善以及政府监管加强。计算机行业及其产品继续经历动态变化。软件开发继续落后于硬件，其高成本正在抵消硬件带来的节省。
