White P, Lebowitz R L
Radiol Clin North Am. 1977 Apr;15(1):93-107.
Exstrophy of the bladder is the most common of a spectrum of related anomalies. The pelvic skeletal changes in all of these disorders vary in degree but are similar in type. The kidneys are urinary collecting systems are usually normal in patients with untreated exstrophy, and the "hurley" appearance of the lower ureters should be regarded as a physiologically normal variant.
膀胱外翻是一系列相关畸形中最常见的一种。所有这些疾病中的骨盆骨骼变化程度各异,但类型相似。在未经治疗的膀胱外翻患者中,肾脏和泌尿系统通常是正常的,输尿管下段的“赫利”外观应被视为一种生理上的正常变异。