Freestone J F, Seahorn T L
Hagyard-Davidson-McGee Associates, PSC, Lexington, Kentucky.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1993 Apr;9(1):235-42. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30426-1.
Nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with horses that are fed diets with an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus or diets containing oxalates. Clinical signs include a shifting lameness, with tenderness of the joints, reluctance to move, or a stiff, stilted gait. Some horses may have broadening of the nasal bones, enlargement of the maxilla and/or the mandible, or a ridge over the nasal bones. Diagnosis may include physical examination findings; analysis of feed; and clinical pathologic data, which may include normocalcemia, normal to increased serum phosphorus, and increased fractional excretion of phosphorus (normal FxP < 0.5%). The primary objective of therapy is to correct the nutritional calcium to phosphorus imbalance. Sialoliths are calcific concretions that develop in the salivary gland or duct. Therapy generally involves surgical removal, and associated complications are uncommon. Obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct occurs most commonly secondary to intraluminal foreign material, although congenital atresia may occur. Clinical signs include epiphora, conjunctivitis, and mucopurulent discharge. Foreign material is often removed by retrograde saline flush and atresia is resolved by surgery.
营养性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进与喂食钙磷失衡日粮或含草酸盐日粮的马匹有关。临床症状包括转移性跛行、关节压痛、不愿移动或僵硬、高跷样步态。一些马匹可能出现鼻骨变宽、上颌骨和/或下颌骨增大，或鼻骨上有嵴。诊断可能包括体格检查结果、饲料分析和临床病理数据，可能包括血钙正常、血清磷正常至升高，以及磷的分数排泄增加（正常FxP<0.5%）。治疗的主要目标是纠正营养性钙磷失衡。涎石是在唾液腺或导管中形成的钙化团块。治疗通常包括手术切除，相关并发症并不常见。鼻泪管阻塞最常见于管腔内异物继发，尽管也可能发生先天性闭锁。临床症状包括流泪、结膜炎和黏液脓性分泌物。异物通常通过逆行盐水冲洗清除，闭锁则通过手术解决。
