Roup B J
AAOHN J. 1993 Mar;41(3):136-42.
Most health care workers in the U.S. are covered by OSHA's new standard on bloodborne pathogens exposure. Individual states that have their own occupational agency must enact a Standard that is at least as strict. Key elements of the Standard include an exposure control plan, universal precautions, engineering controls that stress sharps safety, personal protective equipment, exposure evaluation and follow up, and training. Employers are required to offer the hepatitis B vaccine free of charge to employees. Employees who decline the vaccine must sign a declination form. An OSHA inspection for compliance with this Standard will include review of records, a workplace walk through, and interviews with employees. OSHA has already cited and fined some workplaces for not complying with the Standard.
美国大多数医护人员都受职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）关于血源性病原体接触的新标准覆盖。设有自身职业机构的各个州必须制定至少同样严格的标准。该标准的关键要素包括接触控制计划、普遍预防措施、强调锐器安全的工程控制措施、个人防护装备、接触评估与后续跟进以及培训。雇主必须为员工免费提供乙肝疫苗。拒绝接种疫苗的员工必须签署一份拒绝表格。OSHA对该标准合规情况的检查将包括记录审查、工作场所巡查以及与员工面谈。OSHA已经对一些未遵守该标准的工作场所进行了传唤并罚款。
