Kelly D H, Martinez-Uriegas E
Visual Sciences Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025.
J Opt Soc Am A. 1993 Jan;10(1):29-37. doi: 10.1364/josaa.10.000029.
Several types of measurement were made of the negative afterimages formed by viewing chromatic and achromatic sine-wave conditioning gratings that were stabilized on the retina. We varied the spatial frequency, contrast, and duration of the conditioning stimulus and the interval between its offset and the afterimage measurement. Different methods of measuring afterimage contrast were also compared. We conclude that (1) an isoluminant chromatic stimulus creates an isoluminant chromatic afterimage; (2) afterimage contrast is linearly related to conditioning contrast; (3) chromatic and achromatic afterimages have similar low-pass spatial-frequency characteristics; (4) both types of afterimage build up and decay exponentially, with a (1/e) time constant of 4-8 s; (5) most important, both chromatic and achromatic afterimages raise the threshold for a chromatic flashed grating, but neither affects the threshold for an achromatic flashed grating; (6) we can explain these results by postulating that negative afterimages are subserved only by the sustained, or parvocellular, pathways.
我们对通过观察稳定在视网膜上的彩色和非彩色正弦波条件光栅所形成的负后像进行了几种类型的测量。我们改变了条件刺激的空间频率、对比度和持续时间，以及其消失与后像测量之间的间隔。还比较了测量后像对比度的不同方法。我们得出以下结论：（1）等亮度彩色刺激会产生等亮度彩色后像；（2）后像对比度与条件对比度呈线性相关；（3）彩色和非彩色后像具有相似的低通空间频率特性；（4）两种类型的后像均呈指数增长和衰减，（1/e）时间常数为4 - 8秒；（5）最重要的是，彩色和非彩色后像都会提高彩色闪烁光栅的阈值，但均不影响非彩色闪烁光栅的阈值；（6）我们可以通过假设负后像仅由持续或小细胞通路提供来解释这些结果。
