Effects of superior olivary complex lesions on binaural responses in rat auditory cortex.

Unilateral or bilateral lesions of the superior olivary complex (SOC) were made by local injection of kainic acid through a micropipette lowered stereotaxically into the rat's auditory brain stem. The lesions had the effect of destroying cell bodies in the superior olive without disrupting fibers of passage. After a recovery period of approximately one month physiological recordings were made with tungsten microelectrodes from the auditory cortex of normal animals and animals with SOC lesions. For animals with unilateral SOC lesions recordings were made either ipsilateral or contralateral to the site of damage. Monaural and binaural tone bursts (110 ms duration) were presented dichotically through a sealed sound delivery system and binaural interaction patterns were determined by comparison of monaural and binaural responses. Some cells were excited by stimulation of either ear and facilitated by binaural stimulation (binaural summation or EE cells), whereas others were excited by contralateral stimulation and inhibited by simultaneous ipsilateral stimulation (binaural suppression or EI cells). Both binaural summation and suppression responses were still present following unilateral SOC lesions. Interaural intensity difference thresholds were within the normal range and no differences were found between animals with lesions placed ipsilateral or contralateral to the recording site. Following a bilateral lesion in one case, both binaural summation and suppression responses were still present. The bilateral lesion had the effect of shifting the average interaural intensity difference thresholds in favor of the contralateral ear. These data suggest that binaural interactions above the level of the superior olive contribute to physiological responses in auditory cortex and that binaural responses in the rat's auditory cortex are shaped by both olivary and supraolivary interactions.