Johnston J R, Campbell L E
Center for the Family in Transition, Corte Madera, Calif.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 1993 Apr;63(2):190-9. doi: 10.1037/h0079425.
From two studies of high-conflict divorcing families in child custody disputes, four characteristic profiles of interparental violence were identified: ongoing or episodic battering by males, female-initiated violence, interactive violence controlled by males, and violence engendered by separation or postdivorce trauma. A fifth profile, culled from a subsample of members of the first two groups, was characterized by psychotic and paranoid reactions.
