Intramural hematoma of the gastrointestinal tract.

Two hundred sixty cases of intestinal intramural hematoma and subsequent bowel obstruction have been reported in the world literature. These cases have been evaluated and seventeen additional cases are reported. Multiple etiologic factors are presented, with trauma and anticoagulant therapy being the most common. Barium x-ray examination is the single most reliable diagnostic study. The mode of therapy for intramural hematoma depends upon thorough evaluation of the patient. Patients on anticoagulant therapy are best treated by observation and cessation of anticoagulants. Should the patient fail to improve or become worse, then surgery may become necessary. When trauma is a factor, prompt operative intervention is indicated.