Schlievert P M
Dept. of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455.
J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):997-1002. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.5.997.
Superantigens include bacterial products (mainly of streptococci and staphylococci) that stimulate T cells to proliferate nonspecifically through interaction with class II major histocompatibility complex products on antigen-presenting cells and then with variable regions on the beta chain of the T cell receptor complex. They include pyrogenic toxins (streptococcal scarlet fever toxins of serotypes A, B, and C, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and staphylococcal enterotoxin serotypes A, B, Cn, D, E, and G), streptococcal M protein, staphylococcal exfoliative toxin, and recently identified pyrogenic toxins made by groups B, C, F, and G streptococci and Streptococcus sanguis. Pyrogenic toxin superantigens cause acute toxic shock syndrome and are associated with toxic shock-like syndromes. Superantigens cause symptoms via release of immune cytokines. These proteins should be considered potential causes of illnesses such as rheumatic fever, arthritis, Kawasaki syndrome, atopic dermatitis, and guttate psoriasis because of their potent immune system-altering capacity.
超抗原包括细菌产物（主要是链球菌和葡萄球菌的产物），这些产物通过与抗原呈递细胞上的II类主要组织相容性复合体产物相互作用，然后与T细胞受体复合物β链上的可变区相互作用，非特异性地刺激T细胞增殖。它们包括致热毒素（血清型A、B和C的链球菌猩红热毒素、中毒性休克综合征毒素1以及葡萄球菌肠毒素血清型A、B、Cn、D、E和G）、链球菌M蛋白、葡萄球菌剥脱毒素，以及最近鉴定出的由B组、C组、F组和G组链球菌以及血链球菌产生的致热毒素。致热毒素超抗原可引起急性中毒性休克综合征，并与中毒性休克样综合征相关。超抗原通过释放免疫细胞因子引起症状。由于这些蛋白质具有强大的改变免疫系统的能力，应将其视为风湿热、关节炎、川崎综合征、特应性皮炎和点滴状银屑病等疾病的潜在病因。
