Holloszy J O
Department of Preventive Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 May;25(5):538-42.
Vigorous exercise is currently being encouraged for health maintenance. There is much evidence that a moderate amount of exercise is needed for the maintenance of functional integrity of the cardiovascular system, muscles, bones, and ligaments. There is also fragmentary evidence of a preliminary nature suggesting that regularly performed exercise may protect against and have beneficial effects on coronary artery disease, diabetes, and hypertension. However, the scientific evidence that strenuous exercise has long-term health benefits or slows aging is meager and unconvincing. Even in the case of coronary artery disease, diabetes, and hypertension, the majority of studies have provided either negative or inconclusive results or have resulted in only minor improvements. Taken together, available evidence is inadequate to serve as a basis for recommending regular participation in strenuous exercise for middle-aged and older individuals. This is particularly true because the theories that exercise may accelerate the aging process as a result of increases in metabolic rate and stress hormone production have never been disproved. Therefore, because of the major public health implications of exercise, large-scale, well-controlled studies of the effects of exercise on coronary artery disease, adult onset diabetes, hypertension, and various aspects of the aging process are urgently needed. Important barriers to progress in this area are the current dearth of exercise physiologists interested in research on health maintenance and well trained in human exercise physiology and the lack of an appropriate research funding mechanism for large-scale, interdisciplinary studies of the effects of exercise on chronic disease processes and aging.
目前鼓励进行剧烈运动以维持健康。有大量证据表明，维持心血管系统、肌肉、骨骼和韧带的功能完整性需要适量运动。也有一些初步的零散证据表明，定期进行运动可能预防冠状动脉疾病、糖尿病和高血压，并对其产生有益影响。然而，关于剧烈运动具有长期健康益处或能延缓衰老的科学证据却很少且缺乏说服力。即使是在冠状动脉疾病、糖尿病和高血压方面，大多数研究要么给出了否定或不确定的结果，要么只带来了微小的改善。总体而言，现有证据不足以作为推荐中年人和老年人定期参与剧烈运动的依据。尤其因为运动可能因代谢率和应激激素产生增加而加速衰老的理论从未被推翻。因此，鉴于运动对公共卫生的重大影响，迫切需要对运动对冠状动脉疾病、成年型糖尿病、高血压以及衰老过程各个方面的影响进行大规模、严格控制的研究。该领域取得进展的重要障碍包括当前缺乏对健康维持研究感兴趣且在人体运动生理学方面训练有素的运动生理学家，以及缺乏用于对运动对慢性病进程和衰老影响进行大规模跨学科研究的适当研究资金机制。
