Dystrophin deficiency is associated with myotendinous junction defects in prenecrotic and fully regenerated skeletal muscle.

The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is the major site of force transmission from myofibrils across the muscle cell membrane to the extracellular matrix. The MTJ is thus an appropriate model system in which to test the hypothesis that dystrophin, the gene product absent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, functions as a structural link between the muscle cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. We studied changes in MTJ structure in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice during periods of growth and aging that spanned prenecrotic, necrotic, and regenerative phases of postnatal muscle development in mdx mice. Prenecrotic animals were found to exhibit structural defects at MTJs that were similar to those described previously in animals at the peak of necrosis, including a reduction in lateral associations between thin filaments and the MTJ membrane. These defects therefore occur before necrosis and may be directly related to the absence of dystrophin. Observations of regenerating and fully regenerated MTJs in adult animals show that the defects are still present, indicating that normal thin filament-membrane associations are never formed in dystrophin-deficient muscle. However, in prenecrotic as well as regenerated adult mdx muscle, the MTJ membrane is only slightly less folded than in age-matched controls. This indicates that mdx muscle possesses some dystrophin-independent mechanism that allows for the initial formation of MTJs, despite the absence of dystrophin. The presence of the defect in normal, lateral, thin filament-membrane associations in mdx muscle, regardless of age, supports the hypothesis that dystrophin functions as a structural link between thin filaments and the membrane.