Deci E L, Driver R E, Hotchkiss L, Robbins R J, Wilson I M
Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, NY 14627.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1993 Apr;55(2):151-62. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1993.1008.
Twenty-six mother-child dyads played together in a laboratory setting. Play sessions were surreptitiously videotaped (with mothers' permission), and each maternal vocalization was transcribed and coded, first into 1 of 24 categories and then ipso facto into one of three supercategories--namely, controlling, autonomy supportive, and neutral. The degree of mothers' controllingness was calculated as the percentage of vocalizations coded as controlling. This index was correlated with the intrinsic motivation of their 6- or 7-year-old children, as assessed primarily by the free-choice behavioral measure and secondarily by a child self-report measure of interest and liking for the task. Both correlations were significantly negative, thereby suggesting that the robust laboratory findings of a negative relation between controlling contexts and individuals' intrinsic motivation are directly generalizable to the domain of parenting. Results are discussed in terms of the processes that undermine intrinsic motivation and the means through which parental controllingness is communicated.
26对母婴在实验室环境中一起玩耍。游戏过程被秘密录像（经母亲同意），对每位母亲的发声进行转录和编码，首先分为24类中的1类，然后根据实际情况分为三个超类——即控制型、自主支持型和中性。母亲的控制程度通过编码为控制型的发声百分比来计算。该指标与他们6或7岁孩子的内在动机相关，主要通过自由选择行为测量来评估，其次通过孩子对任务的兴趣和喜好的自我报告测量来评估。这两个相关性均为显著负相关，从而表明在控制情境与个体内在动机之间存在负相关这一有力的实验室研究结果可直接推广到育儿领域。将根据破坏内在动机的过程以及传达父母控制的方式来讨论结果。
