Pursel V G, Rexroad C E
Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, ARS, USDA, MD 20705.
J Anim Sci. 1993;71 Suppl 3:10-9. doi: 10.2527/1993.71suppl_310x.
Microinjection is the predominant method used to transfer genes into farm animals. Current research is devoted to improvement of productivity traits, enhancement of animal health, and production of biomedically useful human health products. Initial transgenic research primarily involved genes coding for growth hormone (GH), growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). More recent investigations have attempted to stimulate muscle development, to use bacterial enzymes so animals can synthesize certain essential amino acids, to induce expression of specific immunoglobulin or disease-resistance genes, and to direct expression of human proteins to the mammary gland, specific organs, or specific cells for production of useful human health products. The main limitations to progress are the lack of useful cloned genes for productivity traits and disease resistance and the insufficient knowledge of mechanisms involved in regulation of transgenes.
显微注射是将基因导入家畜的主要方法。当前的研究致力于提高生产性能、增强动物健康以及生产具有生物医学用途的人类健康产品。最初的转基因研究主要涉及编码生长激素（GH）、生长激素释放因子（GRF）和胰岛素样生长因子I（IGF-I）的基因。最近的研究试图刺激肌肉发育，利用细菌酶使动物能够合成某些必需氨基酸，诱导特定免疫球蛋白或抗病基因的表达，并将人类蛋白质定向表达至乳腺、特定器官或特定细胞以生产有用的人类健康产品。进展的主要限制在于缺乏用于生产性能和抗病性的有用克隆基因，以及对转基因调控所涉及机制的了解不足。
