[治疗性肌肉训练]

Privatklinik St. Raphael, Bad Griesbach, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1993;105(8):232-8.

The needs and motives for a therapeutically oriented muscle training programme are quite varied. The attainment of the maximum possible muscle strength is not the decisive goal, but instead the achievement of motoric function permitting optimal performance during daily physical activities, supporting active participation in sports during leisure time, compensating for deficits in the musculo-skeletal system and counteracting a series of disturbances and limitations in general health. The following goals fall into the realm of a therapeutic muscle training programme: maintenance as well as improvement of muscle function--stabilization of the joints--increase in joint mobility--maintenance of the function of the total skeletal system--support of kinesthetics and body consciousness--promotion of emotional stability--prophylaxis of injury--improvement of the preconditions for total body training. From the above goals the following indications for a therapeutic muscle training programme can be deduced: maintenance of muscle strength and joint function during lack of physical activity and in advanced age--muscle building subsequent to periods of immobilization after injuries and surgery affecting the musculo-skeletal system--stabilization of the joint-muscle system in degenerative joint and spinal diseases, joint instability and hypermobility--treatment of muscular dysbalance, muscular insufficiency, postural abnormalities and weaknesses--mobilization of joints--prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis--calesthenics during pregnancy--therapy of urinary incontinence--adjuvant therapy for psychiatric disorders--part of a total body training regimen aimed at physical fitness and general health care.

以治疗为导向的肌肉训练计划的需求和动机多种多样。尽可能达到最大肌肉力量并非决定性目标，而是实现运动功能，以便在日常体力活动中实现最佳表现，支持在休闲时间积极参与体育运动，弥补肌肉骨骼系统的缺陷，并对抗一系列一般健康方面的紊乱和限制。以下目标属于治疗性肌肉训练计划的范畴：维持并改善肌肉功能——稳定关节——增加关节活动度——维持整个骨骼系统的功能——支持动觉和身体意识——促进情绪稳定——预防损伤——改善全身训练的前提条件。从上述目标可以推导出治疗性肌肉训练计划的以下适应症：在缺乏体力活动和高龄时维持肌肉力量和关节功能——在影响肌肉骨骼系统的损伤和手术后固定期后的肌肉锻炼——在退行性关节和脊柱疾病、关节不稳定和活动过度中稳定关节肌肉系统——治疗肌肉失衡、肌肉功能不全、姿势异常和虚弱——关节活动——骨质疏松症的预防和治疗——孕期健美操——尿失禁的治疗——精神疾病的辅助治疗——旨在身体健康和全面医疗保健的全身训练方案的一部分。