Comp P C, Zacur H A
Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Jun;168(6 Pt 2):1990-3. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90940-0.
When compared with older reports on the thromboembolic effects of high-dose oral contraceptives, new studies with low-dose oral contraceptives have a significantly reduced risk of thromboembolism. In the absence of risk factors such as smoking or inherited disorders predisposing to thrombosis, the modern low-dose oral contraceptive (< 50 micrograms of estrogen) is a safe and effective choice for contraception in women without symptoms who have family histories of sporadic thromboembolism. An intrauterine device or some form of barrier method is recommended for women who have a personal history of venous thrombus disease. The low-dose oral contraceptive may be a good choice in women taking oral anticoagulants because of the risk of teratogenic effects of anticoagulants and the risks of intraperitoneal bleeding associated with ovulation. In addition, oral contraceptives help diminish the excessive menstrual bleeding often seen in these women.
与早期关于高剂量口服避孕药血栓栓塞作用的报告相比，低剂量口服避孕药的新研究显示血栓栓塞风险显著降低。在没有吸烟或遗传性血栓形成倾向等风险因素的情况下，现代低剂量口服避孕药（雌激素含量<50微克）对于有散发性血栓栓塞家族史且无症状的女性来说是一种安全有效的避孕选择。对于有静脉血栓疾病个人史的女性，推荐使用宫内节育器或某种形式的屏障避孕法。由于抗凝剂有致畸作用风险以及与排卵相关的腹腔内出血风险，低剂量口服避孕药对于正在服用口服抗凝剂的女性可能是一个不错的选择。此外，口服避孕药有助于减少这些女性中常见的月经过多出血情况。
