McGregor J A, Hammill H A
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Jun;168(6 Pt 2):2033-41. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(12)90946-1.
Today "safe sex" means protection from both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus. These parallel complications of sexual activity have serious biologic and clinical sequelae that should be considered at the time of contraceptive selection. In addition, there is ongoing debate regarding potential interactions between antibiotic intervention and contraceptive steroids. This article assesses the impact of hormonal contraception, spermicides, barrier methods, intrauterine devices, and douching on the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted disease and the human immunodeficiency virus infection. It discusses the direct and indirect effects of contraception methods on clinical physiology and host immune responses while also considering the possible consequences on maternal and infant health if pregnancy results from the use of ineffective contraception. Counseling and care for both family planning and infectious disease protection must be provided to all sexually active individuals.
如今，“安全性行为”意味着预防意外怀孕、性传播疾病和人类免疫缺陷病毒。这些性行为的并行并发症具有严重的生物学和临床后果，在选择避孕方法时应予以考虑。此外，关于抗生素干预与避孕类固醇之间的潜在相互作用也存在持续的争论。本文评估了激素避孕、杀精剂、屏障方法、宫内节育器和灌洗对性传播疾病发病机制和人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的影响。它讨论了避孕方法对临床生理学和宿主免疫反应的直接和间接影响，同时也考虑了如果使用无效避孕措施导致怀孕对母婴健康可能产生的后果。必须为所有性活跃个体提供计划生育和传染病防护方面的咨询与护理。
