Connelly J P, Welch J V
NGS Division of MKS Instruments, Inc., Walpole, MA.
J Parenter Sci Technol. 1993 Mar-Apr;47(2):70-5.
This paper presents a brief review of the basic issues of lyophilization and the fundamentals of quadrupole mass spectrometry. The emphasis of the paper is on the application of a quadrupole mass spectrometer as a process monitor. The details of sampling and data collection are discussed. Data taken while monitoring lyophilization is presented in conjunction with cycle optimization, end point detection and contaminant detection.
