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[炎症性风湿性疾病的超声诊断]

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases].

作者信息

Kellner H, Zoller W G

机构信息

Medizinische Poliklinik, Universität München.

出版信息

Z Rheumatol. 1993 Mar-Apr;52(2):80-9.

PMID:8517074
Abstract

During the last two decades, sonography has become more and more important in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. With the development of high-frequency realtime transducers, detailed images of the musculoskeletal system can be provided. Furthermore, sonography or echocardiography is able to detect systemic manifestations of connective tissue diseases. Compared to plain films, which mainly evaluate bony lesions of inflammatory joint diseases, sonography is used to assess non-bony abnormalities (synovial membrane, cartilage, menisci, tendons) and synovial space. Pannus and effusion as indicators of inflammatory rheumatic disease can easily be examined by sonography. However, sonographic findings in rheumatic diseases are mostly nonspecific and can rarely be used to distinguish between different diagnoses, which is sometimes possible using plain x-rays (i.e., pencil-in-cup). Sonography has proven to be a meaningful diagnostic tool in evaluating tumors in subcutaneous tissue or muscles. The diagnostic results of musculoskeletal sonography are today compared to those obtained by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although musculoskeletal MRI can visualize bony and non-bony structures at the same time, sonography is still of particular interest in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases, because it is a noninvasive, widely available, relatively inexpensive imaging modality which can be rapidly performed and repeated.

摘要

在过去二十年中,超声检查在风湿性疾病的诊断中变得越来越重要。随着高频实时换能器的发展,可以提供肌肉骨骼系统的详细图像。此外,超声检查或超声心动图能够检测结缔组织疾病的全身表现。与主要评估炎性关节疾病骨病变的平片相比,超声检查用于评估非骨异常(滑膜、软骨、半月板、肌腱)和滑膜间隙。作为炎性风湿性疾病指标的血管翳和积液可以通过超声检查轻松检测。然而,风湿性疾病的超声检查结果大多是非特异性的,很少能用于区分不同的诊断,而平片(如铅笔杯样表现)有时则可以做到。超声检查已被证明是评估皮下组织或肌肉肿瘤的一种有意义的诊断工具。如今,肌肉骨骼超声检查的诊断结果与计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)的结果相比较。尽管肌肉骨骼MRI可以同时显示骨和非骨结构,但超声检查在风湿性疾病的诊断中仍然特别受关注,因为它是一种无创、广泛可用、相对便宜的成像方式,可以快速进行且可重复检查。

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