Visser I K, van Bressem M F, van de Bildt M W, Groen J, Orvell C, Raga J A, Osterhaus A D
Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Pieterburen, The Netherlands.
Rev Sci Tech. 1993 Mar;12(1):197-202. doi: 10.20506/rst.12.1.687.
Since 1987, morbillivirus infections have caused serious disease outbreaks with high mortality among aquatic mammals. Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica) in Siberia were involved in an outbreak caused by a virus closely related to canine distemper virus (CDV) in 1987. Harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in north-western Europe were struck by a newly recognised morbillivirus of seals (PDV1). A serological survey has indicated that these morbillivirus infections frequently occur among several pinniped species. Besides pinnipeds, the presence of morbillivirus infections among cetaceans, including whales, dolphins and porpoises, has been demonstrated since the outbreak of PDV among seals in north-western Europe. Morbillivirus was isolated from several stranded harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). This virus proved to be very similar to a virus which was isolated during a disease outbreak with high mortality among striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) in the Mediterranean area. The viruses isolated from these cetacean species were quite different from the viruses isolated from the seals. They proved more related to the ruminant morbilliviruses, peste des petits ruminants virus and rinderpest virus. The potential transmission of the dolphin morbillivirus to the endangered population of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) has been considered. Studies are presently being conducted into the possibility of inducing protection against morbillivirus infection in this species by vaccination with an immune stimulating complex (ISCOM) preparation based on CDV.
自1987年以来，麻疹病毒感染已在水生哺乳动物中引发了严重疾病的爆发，并导致高死亡率。1987年，西伯利亚的贝加尔海豹（Phoca sibirica）遭遇了一次由与犬瘟热病毒（CDV）密切相关的病毒引发的疫情。欧洲西北部的港湾海豹（Phoca vitulina）和灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）受到了一种新发现的海豹麻疹病毒（PDV1）的侵袭。一项血清学调查表明，这些麻疹病毒感染在几种鳍足类动物中频繁发生。除了鳍足类动物外，自欧洲西北部海豹中爆发PDV疫情以来，已证实鲸类动物（包括鲸鱼、海豚和鼠海豚）中也存在麻疹病毒感染。从几只搁浅的港湾鼠海豚（Phocoena phocoena）中分离出了麻疹病毒。事实证明，这种病毒与在地中海地区条纹海豚（Stenella coeruleoalba）疾病爆发期间分离出的一种病毒非常相似。从这些鲸类物种中分离出的病毒与从海豹中分离出的病毒有很大不同。它们被证明与反刍动物麻疹病毒、小反刍兽疫病毒和牛瘟病毒的关系更为密切。人们已经考虑了海豚麻疹病毒向濒危的地中海僧海豹（Monachus monachus）种群传播的可能性。目前正在进行研究，探讨通过使用基于CDV的免疫刺激复合物（ISCOM）制剂进行疫苗接种，在该物种中诱导针对麻疹病毒感染的保护作用的可能性。
