Fay R R
Department of Psychology, Loyola University of Chicago, Ill. 60626, USA.
Brain Behav Evol. 1995;46(3):141-50. doi: 10.1159/000113267.
Mauthner cells receive neurally coded information from the otolith organs in fishes, and it is most likely that initiation and directional characteristics of the C-start response depend on this input. In the goldfish, saccular afferents are sensitive to sound pressure (< -30 dB re: 1 dyne cm-2) in the most sensitive frequency range (200 to 800 Hz). This input arises from volume fluctuations of the swimbladder in response to the sound pressure waveform and is thus nondirectional. Primary afferents of the saccule, lagena, and utricle of the goldfish also respond with great sensitivity to acoustic particle motion (< 1 nanometer between 100 and 200 Hz). This input arises from the acceleration of the fish in a sound field and is inherently directional. Saccular afferents can be divided into two groups based on their tuning: one group is tuned at about 250 Hz, and the other tuned between 400 Hz and 1 kHz. All otolithic primary afferents phaselock to sinusoids throughout the frequency range of hearing (up to about 2 kHz). Based on physiological and behavioral studies on Mauthner cells, it appears that highly correlated binaural input to the M-cell, from the sacculi responding to sound pressure, may be required for a decision to respond but that the direction of the response is extracted from small deviations from a perfect interaural correlation arising from the directional response of otolith organs to acoustic particle motion.
毛特纳细胞接收来自鱼类耳石器官的神经编码信息，并且C形启动反应的起始和方向特征很可能依赖于这种输入。在金鱼中，球囊传入神经在最敏感频率范围（200至800赫兹）对声压（相对于1达因/平方厘米为<-30分贝）敏感。这种输入源于鱼鳔响应声压波形的体积波动，因此是无方向性的。金鱼球囊、瓶状囊和椭圆囊的初级传入神经对声粒子运动（100至200赫兹之间<1纳米）也有极高的敏感性。这种输入源于鱼在声场中的加速度，本质上是有方向性的。球囊传入神经可根据其调谐分为两组：一组调谐在约250赫兹，另一组调谐在400赫兹至1千赫兹之间。所有耳石初级传入神经在整个听觉频率范围（高达约2千赫兹）内对正弦波进行锁相。基于对毛特纳细胞的生理和行为研究，似乎对毛细胞的高度相关双耳输入（来自对声压作出反应的球囊）可能是作出反应的决定所必需的，但反应方向是从耳石器官对声粒子运动的定向反应所产生的完美双耳相关性的微小偏差中提取的。
