Fay R R
Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):951-4. doi: 10.1126/science.6474161.
Auditory and vestibular nerve fibers of the goldfish are strongly directionally sensitive to whole-body acceleration at audio frequencies. The three-dimensional pattern of sensitivity shows that input from a receptor ensemble (hair cells) is essentially equivalent to that expected from a single hair cell having a given three-dimensional orientation of best sensitivity. Fibers from the sacculus, lagena, and utriculus differ with respect to distributions of directional orientation, but are similar in best threshold (less than 1 nanometer, root mean square, at 140 hertz). In combination with other mechanisms for detection of sound pressure, this directionality is a likely basis for directional hearing in fishes, and it could allow the determination of underwater acoustic intensity.
金鱼的听觉和前庭神经纤维对音频范围内的全身加速度具有强烈的方向敏感性。这种敏感性的三维模式表明，来自一组感受器（毛细胞）的输入基本上等同于具有给定最佳敏感性三维方向的单个毛细胞的预期输入。球囊、瓶状囊和椭圆囊的神经纤维在方向取向分布上有所不同，但最佳阈值相似（在140赫兹时小于1纳米，均方根）。与其他检测声压的机制相结合，这种方向性可能是鱼类定向听觉的基础，并且它可以用于确定水下声强。
