Lindbohm M L
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Helsinki, Finland.
J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Aug;37(8):908-14. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199508000-00004.
The findings and methodological issues of epidemiologic studies on adverse developmental effects of parental occupational exposure to organic solvents are reviewed. The studies on maternal effects suggest that high exposure to solvents may increase the risk of spontaneous abortion, but the findings on congenital malformations are inconsistent. Suggestive associations of spontaneous abortions have also been observed with some particular solvents. The evidence appears to be most adequate for toluene. Evidence on the effects of paternal exposure to solvents on pregnancy outcome is limited and inconsistent. Suggestive results link paternal exposure to spontaneous abortion, congenital malformation, and low birth weight or preterm birth. A common methodological weakness in these studies is the inaccurate data on exposure. Positive findings encourage further studies with an improved study design and methods, particularly with improved assessment of exposure.
本文综述了关于父母职业性接触有机溶剂对发育产生不良影响的流行病学研究的结果及方法学问题。关于母亲接触有机溶剂影响的研究表明，高剂量接触可能会增加自然流产的风险，但关于先天性畸形的研究结果并不一致。某些特定的有机溶剂与自然流产之间也存在提示性关联。证据似乎最充分的是甲苯。关于父亲接触有机溶剂对妊娠结局影响的证据有限且不一致。提示性结果表明父亲接触有机溶剂与自然流产、先天性畸形以及低出生体重或早产有关。这些研究中一个常见的方法学弱点是接触数据不准确。阳性研究结果促使人们采用改进的研究设计和方法开展进一步研究，尤其是改进接触评估方法。
