Nurminen T
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Aug;37(8):935-40. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199508000-00008.
Exposure to pesticides is inherent in many agricultural jobs. Most of the interest in connection with pesticides and pregnancy outcome has been directed to birth defects. Some indications of an elevated risk of limb anomalies have been associated with ecologic exposure, maternal environmental exposure to pesticides determined by the mother's place of residence, and parental occupation involving potential pesticide exposure. Orofacial clefts have been related to maternal environmental exposure to pesticides and exposure in agricultural work. Moreover, there is evidence that maternal agricultural occupation and pesticide exposure may be associated with elevated risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. However, some studies have found no indication of reproductive hazards but, altogether, the epidemiologic evidence is inconclusive as regards the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome.
许多农业工作中不可避免地会接触到农药。与农药和妊娠结局相关的大多数研究兴趣都集中在出生缺陷上。一些迹象表明，肢体异常风险升高与生态暴露、根据母亲居住地确定的母亲环境农药暴露以及涉及潜在农药暴露的父母职业有关。口面部裂隙与母亲环境农药暴露和农业工作中的暴露有关。此外，有证据表明，母亲从事农业工作和接触农药可能与自然流产和死产风险升高有关。然而，一些研究没有发现生殖危害的迹象，但总体而言，关于不良妊娠结局风险的流行病学证据尚无定论。
