Soll D R
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Int Rev Cytol. 1995;163:43-104.
Amoeboid cell motility is a complex three-dimensional process which involves pseudopod expansion, cellular translocation, and, in some cases, pseudopod retraction and complex interactions between the ventral surface of the pseudopod and substratum. In order to quantify the basic behavior of amoeboid cells and the dynamics of pseudopod extension and retraction, sophisticated two-dimensional and three-dimensional computer-assisted motion analysis systems have been developed which reconstruct digitized images and compute motility and dynamics morphology parameters. These systems provide a wealth of information of how amoeboid cells crawl and they have begun to be utilized (1) to elucidate the basic rules of amoeboid movement, (2) to identify the behavioral defects of cytoskeletal mutants, and (3) to elucidate the mechanism of chemotaxis. In addition, these systems represent powerful tools for analyzing the effects of drugs on cell behavior, most notably that of white blood cells and neoplastic cells. Since computer-assisted motion analysis is a relatively young field, the technologies are still evolving and have been underutilized in most areas involving cell motility. This review, which includes a description of these technologies and examples of their application, will hopefully serve as an impetus for expanded use.
阿米巴样细胞运动是一个复杂的三维过程，涉及伪足扩张、细胞移位，在某些情况下还包括伪足回缩以及伪足腹面与基质之间的复杂相互作用。为了量化阿米巴样细胞的基本行为以及伪足伸展和回缩的动力学，已经开发了复杂的二维和三维计算机辅助运动分析系统，这些系统可以重建数字化图像并计算运动性和动态形态学参数。这些系统提供了大量关于阿米巴样细胞如何爬行的信息，并且它们已开始被用于：（1）阐明阿米巴样运动的基本规则；（2）识别细胞骨架突变体的行为缺陷；（3）阐明趋化作用的机制。此外，这些系统是分析药物对细胞行为影响的有力工具，尤其是对白细胞和肿瘤细胞行为的影响。由于计算机辅助运动分析是一个相对较新的领域，该技术仍在不断发展，并且在大多数涉及细胞运动的领域中尚未得到充分利用。这篇综述包括对这些技术的描述及其应用实例，希望能推动其更广泛的应用。
