Venkataraman P S, Tsang R T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Oct;14(5):439-47. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1995.10718534.
Several factors have been suggested to contribute to inadequate bone mineralization in infants. Calcium and phosphorus intakes in preterm infants are below the intrauterine accretion rates. Calcium retention is influenced by the types of calcium salts used and by alterations in dietary phosphorus, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary intakes of vitamin D, and modifications in the protein base of infant formula, e.g., soy base vs cow milk base, may impact bone mineralization. The major hormonal mechanisms involved in the regulation of bone mineralization are parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and vitamin D. From recent animal studies, it has been suggested that parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTH-rp) may also play a role in perinatal calcium homeostasis.
有几个因素被认为与婴儿骨矿化不足有关。早产儿的钙和磷摄入量低于子宫内的蓄积率。钙的潴留受所用钙盐类型以及膳食中磷、脂肪和碳水化合物变化的影响。维生素D的膳食摄入量以及婴儿配方奶粉蛋白质基础的改变，例如大豆基与牛奶基，可能会影响骨矿化。参与骨矿化调节的主要激素机制是甲状旁腺激素、降钙素和维生素D。从最近的动物研究来看，有人提出甲状旁腺激素相关肽（PTH-rp）可能在围产期钙稳态中也起作用。
