Berman K F, Ostrem J L, Randolph C, Gold J, Goldberg T E, Coppola R, Carson R E, Herscovitch P, Weinberger D R
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeth's, Washington, DC 20032, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 1995 Aug;33(8):1027-46. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00035-2.
To determine the neural circuitry engaged by performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a neuropsychological test traditionally considered to be sensitive to prefrontal lesions, regional cerebral blood flow was measured with oxygen-15 water and positron emission tomography (PET) while young normal subjects performed the test as well as while they performed a specially designed sensorimotor control task. To consider which of the various cognitive operations and other experiential phenomena involved in the WCST PET scan are critical for the pattern of physiological activation and to focus on the working memory component of the test, repeat WCST scans were also performed on nine of the subjects after instruction on the test and practice to criteria. We confirmed that performance of the WCST engages the frontal cortex and also produces activation of a complex network of regions consistently including the inferior parietal lobule but also involving the visual association and inferior temporal cortices as well as portions of the cerebellum. The WCST activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) remained significant even after training and practice on the test, suggesting that working memory may be largely responsible for the physiological response in DLPFC during the WCST and, conversely, that the DLPFC plays a major role in modulating working memory.
为了确定威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）执行过程中所涉及的神经回路，WCST是一种传统上被认为对前额叶病变敏感的神经心理学测验，在年轻正常受试者执行该测验以及执行一项专门设计的感觉运动控制任务时，使用氧-15水和正电子发射断层扫描（PET）测量局部脑血流量。为了考量WCST正电子发射断层扫描中涉及的各种认知操作和其他体验现象中哪些对生理激活模式至关重要，并聚焦于该测验的工作记忆成分，在对九名受试者进行测验指导并训练至达标后，又对他们进行了重复的WCST扫描。我们证实，WCST的执行会使额叶皮质参与其中，并且还会激活一个复杂的区域网络，该网络始终包括顶下小叶，但也涉及视觉联合皮质和颞下皮质以及部分小脑。即使在对测验进行训练和练习之后，背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）中的WCST激活仍然显著，这表明工作记忆可能在很大程度上是WCST期间DLPFC中生理反应的原因，反之亦然，即DLPFC在调节工作记忆中起主要作用。
