Bono G, Neri I, Granella F, Genazzani A R, Facchinetti F
University Center for Adaptive Disorders and Headache-UCADH, University of Modena, Italy.
J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1995 Sep;16(3):117-21. doi: 10.3109/01674829509024460.
The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships occurring between pain complaints and postmenopausal status, and to look at the correlation between such complaints and other symptoms commonly related to the climacterium. A clinical sample of 99 consecutive postmenopausal patients requiring medical help were studied: 36 complained of muscle-skeletal pains whereas 33 presented with headache limiting daily activity. Climacteric syndrome, level of distress, coping style and bone mineral density were assessed with appropriate questionnaires and instruments. Neither bone mineral density, nor body mass index nor time since menopause were associated with either headaches or muscle-skeletal pains. According to the logistic regression being younger, being without a job, suffering from insomnia and having a lower ability in self-support by the means of comforting ideas predicts suffering from headache. A high level of distress and an avoidance behavior to problem facing predict the presence of pain complaints. In such cases the ineffectiveness of the coping mechanism (i.e. avoid the problem) could be the reason for the increased level of psychological distress. These findings indicate that complaining of pains or headache is not dependent upon postmenopausal status. Individual coping strategies and their effectiveness seem the main reasons for the presence of disabling musculoskeletal pains or headache.
本研究的目的是评估疼痛主诉与绝经后状态之间的关系，并研究此类主诉与其他与更年期常见相关症状之间的相关性。对连续99例需要医疗帮助的绝经后患者的临床样本进行了研究：36例主诉肌肉骨骼疼痛，33例出现限制日常活动的头痛。使用适当的问卷和工具评估更年期综合征、痛苦程度、应对方式和骨密度。骨密度、体重指数和绝经后的时间均与头痛或肌肉骨骼疼痛无关。根据逻辑回归分析，年龄较小、无工作、患有失眠症以及通过安慰性想法进行自我支持的能力较低预示着会患头痛。高度的痛苦和对面临问题的回避行为预示着存在疼痛主诉。在这种情况下，应对机制（即回避问题）的无效可能是心理痛苦程度增加的原因。这些发现表明，疼痛或头痛主诉并不取决于绝经后状态。个体应对策略及其有效性似乎是导致致残性肌肉骨骼疼痛或头痛的主要原因。
