Razavi R, Zena R B, Khan Z, Gould A R
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
J Prosthodont. 1995 Jun;4(2):90-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.1995.tb00322.x.
This study evaluated 17 edentulous cadavers for bone quantity and quality of the alveolar process of the maxilla for the purpose of dental implant placement.
The maxillary arch was divided into four anatomically defined regions for measurements of bone quantity. Bone quality was assessed histologically and described by trabecular bone patterns and tissue composition.
Average bone height with a minimum thickness of 4 mm was as follows: region 1, 12.1 +/- 4.9 mm; region 2, 14.1 +/- 7.2 mm; region 3, 6.1 +/- 2.8 mm; and region 4, 8.5 +/- 2.2 mm. Histological evaluation showed increased trabeculation and thicker cortex in the maxillary anterior area, regions 1 and 2. Region 3, the floor of the maxillary sinus area, had the least amount of bone; however, the quality of bone was superior to that of region 4, the maxillary tuberosity area. Trabecular distance or marrow spaces ranged from 40 microns to 2 mm with larger spaces associated with the posterior maxilla.
Maxillary tuberosity is the least desirable site for the placement of implants in the maxilla. The area corresponding to the first and second molars had the least bone thickness. All measures of bone preservation need to be considered, especially in this area.
本研究评估了17具无牙颌尸体上颌牙槽突的骨量和骨质量，以用于牙种植体植入。
将上颌弓分为四个解剖学定义区域以测量骨量。通过组织学评估骨质量，并根据小梁骨模式和组织组成进行描述。
平均骨高度至少为4mm，具体如下：区域1，12.1±4.9mm；区域2，14.1±7.2mm；区域3，6.1±2.8mm；区域4，8.5±2.2mm。组织学评估显示，上颌前部区域（区域1和区域2）的小梁化增加且皮质更厚。区域3，即上颌窦底部区域，骨量最少；然而，其骨质量优于区域4，即上颌结节区域。小梁间距或骨髓腔范围为40微米至2毫米，较大的间隙与上颌后部相关。
上颌结节是上颌植入种植体最不理想的部位。对应于第一和第二磨牙的区域骨厚度最小。需要考虑所有骨保存措施，尤其是在该区域。
