Activation of peripheral and/or central chemoreceptors changes retching activities of Bötzinger complex neurons and induces expulsion in decerebrate dogs.

Fictive expulsion can be induced by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve during fictive retching or by discontinuing artificial ventilation in decerebrate paralyzed dogs. Both the phrenic and abdominal muscle nerves discharge during the early phase of fictive expulsion, but only the abdominal muscle nerve continues to discharge during the late phase. To determine whether Bötzinger complex (BOT) neurons participate in expulsion, responses to sinus nerve stimulation were examined in 47 non-respiratory (N-RES), 15 inspiratory (INS) and 12 expiratory (EXP) BOT neurons during eupnea. About 80% of the neurons produced excitatory or inhibitory responses. FIring patterns were observed in 61 N-RES, 39 INS and 56 EXP BOT neurons during expulsion induced by sinus nerve stimulation or by discontinuation of artificial ventilation. An activity pattern similar to that of the phrenic nerve was exhibited during fictive retching and expulsions by 13 N-RES< 3 INS and 8 EXP neurons, and a firing pattern like that of the abdominal muscle nerve was produced by 11 N-RES, 6 INS and 5 EXP neurons. Bursts were limited to the late phase of expulsion and to the period just after expulsion in 5 N-RES, 3 INS and 3 EXP neurons, and in 8 N-RES and 21 EXP neurons, respectively. Firings of the two latter groups of neurons decreased concomitantly with each retch or during retching. These results suggest that neurons of the two latter groups play crucial roles in the central patterning of neuronal expulsion activities.