Brede K
Psyche (Stuttg). 1995 Nov;49(11):1019-42.
On the basis of two brief case studies the author elucidates the difference between "classical" authoritarianism as described by Adorno et al and the "new" authoritarianism which she posits as indicating what might be termed a negatively extended stage of sociation. Whereas the classical authoritarian takes an external object as the locus for the formation of moral judgments and activates aggressive impulses via projections onto "foreigners" or "aliens", the communicative dimension of social action, a dimension profoundly characterised by narcissism and centring no longer around the super-ego but the unconscious self with a specific aggression potential of its own. In Brede's view extreme right-wing phraseology and violence may be a reaction to persons or groups whose common factor is the "new" authoritarianist syndrome.
基于两个简短的案例研究，作者阐明了阿多诺等人所描述的“经典”威权主义与她所提出的“新”威权主义之间的差异，她认为“新”威权主义标志着社会关联的一个可称为消极扩展阶段的状态。经典威权主义者将外部对象作为形成道德判断的场所，并通过投射到“外国人”或“异类”身上来激发攻击性冲动，而社会行动的交流维度，这个维度的深刻特征是自恋，且不再以超我为中心，而是以具有自身特定攻击潜能的无意识自我为中心。在布雷德看来，极右翼的措辞和暴力可能是对那些具有“新”威权主义综合征这一共同因素的个人或群体的一种反应。
