Jensen B R, Jørgensen K, Huijing P A, Sjøgaard G
National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Morphol. 1995 Jul;33(3):205-20.
Soft tissue architecture including muscle insertions were studied in the shoulder region by dissecting three male cadavers. These dissections demonstrated that m. supraspinatus and mm. infraspinatus/teres minor were located in two separate, closed compartments limited by bony walls and tense stiff fascia. M. supraspinatus was composed of two parts which differed with respect to attachment site, fibre orientation, and muscle structure although they were similar with respect to muscle fibre length. Muscle structure, fascia and insertion sites should be taken into account in biomechanical modeling of the shoulder. Intramuscular pressures in the shoulder muscles were recorded in healthy females during voluntary isometric contractions performed in various arm positions, and at different contraction levels and measuring depths. Intramuscular pressure in m. supraspinatus during 30 degrees shoulder abduction: 58 (33-70) mmHg, exceeded the intramuscular pressure during 30 degrees flexion: 29 (7-40) mmHg. In m. infraspinatus lower values were registered. A simple relation between intramuscular pressure and measuring depth did not exist in the soft tissue above fossa supraspinata. During contractions a steep increase in intramuscular pressure was seen at a depth corresponding to the transition from m. trapezius to m. supraspinatus. The intramuscular pressure measurements showed wide regional heterogeneity at the same measuring depth during contractions, which is likely to be due to the complex anatomy found in this region. The results show the significance of the anatomy for the increase in intramuscular pressure during contractions. This in turn may impair muscle blood flow and thus affect muscle function over prolonged periods of time.
通过解剖三具男性尸体，对肩部区域包括肌肉附着点在内的软组织结构进行了研究。这些解剖显示，冈上肌和冈下肌/小圆肌位于两个独立的封闭腔室中，由骨壁和紧张的筋膜界定。冈上肌由两部分组成，尽管它们在肌纤维长度方面相似，但在附着部位、纤维方向和肌肉结构方面有所不同。在肩部的生物力学建模中应考虑肌肉结构、筋膜和附着部位。在健康女性处于不同手臂位置、不同收缩水平和测量深度进行自主等长收缩时，记录了肩部肌肉的肌内压力。在肩部外展30度时冈上肌的肌内压力为58（33 - 70）mmHg，超过了在屈曲30度时的肌内压力29（7 - 40）mmHg。冈下肌的数值较低。在冈上窝上方的软组织中，肌内压力与测量深度之间不存在简单的关系。在收缩过程中，在对应于斜方肌向冈上肌过渡的深度处，肌内压力急剧增加。肌内压力测量显示，在收缩过程中，相同测量深度处存在广泛的区域异质性，这可能是由于该区域复杂的解剖结构所致。结果表明了解剖结构对收缩过程中肌内压力增加的重要性。这反过来可能会损害肌肉血流，从而在长时间内影响肌肉功能。
