Flannery K A, Liederman J
Psychology Department, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
Cortex. 1995 Sep;31(3):503-15. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80062-7.
This paper is the first large-scale attempt to test Geschwind and Galaburda's (1985a, 1985b, 1985c) hypothesis that there should be a four-way association among neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), special talents, non-right handedness, and immune disorders. In a sample of 11,578 children, several two-way associations were found, but not those most strongly predicted by the theory. For example, non-right handedness was not associated with NDs considered to be secondary to left hemisphere dysfunction (e.g., articulation disorder, reading disability, verbal aptitude deficits). Instead, non-right handedness was associated with NDs that involve generalized brain damage (e.g. cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and seizures). One immune disorder (asthma) was associated with one ND (attention deficit disorder); immune disorder was not associated with non-right handedness. Less than 1% of this sample manifested the co-occurrence of any three or four of these markers. In sum, there was little evidence in support of the syndrome suggested by Geschwind and Galaburda (1985a, 1985b, 1985c).
本文首次大规模尝试检验盖什温德与加拉布尔达（1985a、1985b、1985c）提出的假说，即神经发育障碍（NDs）、特殊天赋、非右利手和免疫紊乱之间应存在四重关联。在一个由11578名儿童组成的样本中，发现了几种双向关联，但并非该理论所最强烈预测的那些关联。例如，非右利手与被认为继发于左半球功能障碍的神经发育障碍（如言语表达障碍、阅读障碍、语言能力缺陷）并无关联。相反，非右利手与涉及广泛性脑损伤的神经发育障碍（如脑瘫、智力迟钝和癫痫发作）有关联。一种免疫紊乱（哮喘）与一种神经发育障碍（注意力缺陷障碍）有关联；免疫紊乱与非右利手并无关联。该样本中不到1%的个体表现出这些特征中的任意三种或四种同时出现的情况。总之，几乎没有证据支持盖什温德与加拉布尔达（1985a、1985b、1985c）所提出的综合征。
