Engler M B, Engler M M
Cardiovascular Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1995 Oct;10(1):51-63. doi: 10.1097/00005082-199510000-00005.
The stress response increases sympathetic nervous activity, which can adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Cardiovascular disease is due in part to stress-induced mechanisms mediated primarily through increased adrenergic stimulation. These stress-induced mechanisms include elevations in serum lipid levels, alterations in blood coagulation, atherogenesis, vascular changes in hypertension, and myocardial ischemia. Stress management interventions for hypertension are controversial; however, interventions for coronary heart disease-prone behavior patterns have proven successful. Stress management interventions have also reduced cardiovascular events, mortality, and coronary atherosclerosis. Assessment of stress includes individual interviews, which can be complemented by information derived from questionnaires and mental stress testing. Educational and relaxation strategies can prepare patients to understand and cope with stress. These approaches will hopefully decrease the occurrence of stress and, ultimately, the risk for cardiovascular disease.
应激反应会增强交感神经活动，这会对心血管系统产生不利影响。心血管疾病部分归因于主要通过增加肾上腺素能刺激介导的应激诱导机制。这些应激诱导机制包括血清脂质水平升高、血液凝固改变、动脉粥样硬化形成、高血压中的血管变化以及心肌缺血。高血压的应激管理干预措施存在争议；然而，针对易患冠心病行为模式的干预措施已被证明是成功的。应激管理干预措施也降低了心血管事件、死亡率和冠状动脉粥样硬化。应激评估包括个体访谈，问卷调查和心理应激测试所获得的信息可作为补充。教育和放松策略可帮助患者理解并应对压力。这些方法有望减少应激的发生，并最终降低心血管疾病的风险。
