Nelson M C, Hogan D K
Ida M. and Cecil H. Green Cancer Center, Scripps Clinic Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1995 Oct;22(9):1395-400.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review clinical applications and nursing care activities for patients receiving cladribine, a synthetic antineoplastic agent used to treat lymphoid malignancies.
Clinical trial data, published articles, reports from oncology nurses, and personal observations.
Cladribine has shown response rates of nearly 90% in patients with hairy cell leukemia after a single, seven-day continuous infusion. Toxicities generally are mild, predictable, and rapidly reversible after therapy is discontinued.
Currently, cladribine primarily is used in hairy cell leukemia therapy. Clinical trials of cladribine in treating other hematologic malignancies, primarily chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, have demonstrated encouraging results.
Nursing care for patients who receive cladribine involves management of side effects, which commonly include myelosuppression and fever, and monitoring of hemoglobin, platelet levels, and body temperature. Fever develops in most patients receiving cladribine but is usually transient and easily treated with acetaminophen. Infection as a cause of fever must be ruled out, especially in patients with neutropenia.
目的/目标：回顾接受克拉屈滨治疗的患者的临床应用及护理活动，克拉屈滨是一种用于治疗淋巴系统恶性肿瘤的合成抗肿瘤药物。
临床试验数据、已发表文章、肿瘤学护士的报告及个人观察。
单次连续7天输注克拉屈滨后，毛细胞白血病患者的缓解率接近90%。毒性通常较轻，可预测，停药后可迅速逆转。
目前，克拉屈滨主要用于毛细胞白血病治疗。克拉屈滨治疗其他血液系统恶性肿瘤（主要是慢性淋巴细胞白血病和非霍奇金淋巴瘤）的临床试验已取得令人鼓舞的结果。
对接受克拉屈滨治疗的患者的护理包括副作用管理，常见副作用包括骨髓抑制和发热，以及监测血红蛋白、血小板水平和体温。大多数接受克拉屈滨治疗的患者会出现发热，但通常是短暂的，用对乙酰氨基酚很容易治疗。必须排除感染作为发热原因，尤其是在中性粒细胞减少的患者中。
