Richter's hernia--a surgical pitfall.

BACKGROUND

Although Richter's hernia was first described in 1598, little attention has been given to this topic in recent literature. The diagnosis of Richter's hernia is difficult because of the innocuous development of signs and symptoms and it is associated with a high mortality rate. Awareness of this relatively rare surgical entity is important.

STUDY DESIGN

Of 350 patients with incarcerated hernias who underwent operation between 1977 and 1994 at the Department of Surgery "A," Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, 14 had strangulated Richter's hernia. A retrospective study was carried out in order to characterize the clinical manifestations of Richter's hernia and to assess preoperative delay, hospital stay, and complication and mortality rates. A comparison study was made with matched patients with strangulated hernias of non-Richter's type. Differences in morbidity and mortality rates, preoperative delay, and hospital stay of patients with Richter's hernias and the comparison group were evaluated.

RESULTS

Of 14 patients with Richter's hernia, seven underwent intestinal resection. The hernia most commonly occurred at the femoral and inguinal sites. Compared with patients with other hernias, patients with Richter's hernias had greater preoperative delay, rate of bowel resection, length of hospital stay, and postoperative morbidity and mortality rates.

CONCLUSIONS

Early operative intervention is the mainstay of successful management of Richter's hernia and awareness of this disease and its misleading clinical presentation is of utmost importance.